Southeast Asia, which consists of two geographical regions, land and sea, is a region rich in languages. By experts, languages in Southeast Asia are grouped into 5 groups, namely, Austronesian, Austroasiatic, Hmong-Mien, Tai-Kadai, and
When looking at the area of distribution and its use, of the five groups, the Austronesian language group is the largest language group in Southeast Asia. The language group, whose area of speech, starts from the island of Taiwan to the Philippine Islands, the Indonesian Islands, the islands in the Pacific, to Madagascar in Africa, is spoken by tens of millions of people. Most revolve around the Indonesian Islands and the Philippines. In the two islands, the Austronesian languages, some have the status of national languages, some also have the status of regional languages. Bahasa Indonesia is the largest language with the largest number of speakers, 270 million. This language is spoken in countries such as Indonesia, Timor-Leste. This language became the official and national languages in Indonesia (Indonesian), While in Timor Leste it became the working language. Indonesian is one of the world's most spoken languages.
Besides IIndonesia, the second largest Austronesian language is Tagalog or Filipino, which is spoken in the Philippine Islands. This language became the official and national language of the country. The number of speakers reaches 90 million people. Then the regional languages that are in the two big islands in Southeast Asia, among others, Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, Minangkabau, Batak, Cebuano, Bikol, Hiligaynon, and Ilokano. Of the regional languages, Javanese and Cebuano are the languages with the largest number of speakers (76 million and 19 million respectively).
The second largest language group in Southeast Asia is Austroasiatic. This language group originated in South Asia and then spread to Southeast Asia. This language group is the oldest language group in Asia. Ethnologue, a language site, says that there are 168 Austroasiatic languages, but most are minority languages. Only two can be national languages, namely Khmer, which is spoken in Cambodia and Vietnamese, which is spoken in Vietnam. In addition to those two languages there is the Mon language, which is spoken by the Mon people in Myanmar. Those three languages, by experts, are considered to have a long established recording history.
Another language in this area is Tai-Kadai. This language comes from southern China. The speakers of this language, also called Daic, migrated to the south, precisely to the region called Thailand and Laos. In both countries, the Thai and Lao languages, which belong to the Tai-Kadai group, are the national languages. Ethnologue estimates 95 languages in this group, 62 of which are branches of Tai. The number of speakers is close to 100 million. This language group, formerly, was part of Sino-Tibetan but was considered independent when it left Mainland China.
Sino-Tibetan is another language group in Southeast Asia. This language group originates from East Asia (China, Tibet), South Asia, and Southeast Asia. In Southeast Asia, the language of this group is Burmese, which is spoken in Myanmar, and is the official and national language of that country. The number of speakers, 33 million people. The largest language of this group is Chinese (1.2 billion). There are more than 400 languages in this group. The last language is Hmong-Mien, which is the language spoken by the Hmong people, who live in Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Myanmar. This language originates from Southern China, precisely in the mountainous region from Guizhou to Hubei.
That's a brief description of the languages in Southeast Asia. Some are indeed official and national languages in their respective countries. Unfortunately, none of them are official and working languages in ASEAN. Later, to strengthen brotherhood in ASEAN and to see the number of speakers and the region, it was proposed that Indonesian/Malay become the language of ASEAN alongside English, which is the language of immigrants. However, it seems that is still the plan.
Writer By jagurdermuluk Monday
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